Automotive Acronyms (A-Z List & Definitions)
Updated: Dec 16, 2022
Automotive acronyms are shortened forms of words or phrases that are commonly used in the automotive industry.
These acronyms are used to save time and space when communicating technical information, and they can be found in a variety of contexts, including repair manuals, parts catalogs, and discussions among automotive professionals.
It's important to familiarize yourself automotive acronyms if you work in the automotive industry or plan to do your own repairs on your vehicle. This can help you communicate effectively with other professionals and understand technical information more easily.
This page serves as a comprehensive A-Z glossary of all acronyms and terminology used in the automotive industry.
A
A4: 4-speed automatic transmission - a type of automatic transmission with four gears.
A5: 5-speed automatic transmission - a type of automatic transmission with five gears.
A6: 6-speed automatic transmission - a type of automatic transmission with six gears.
ABS: Anti-lock brake system - a safety system that prevents the wheels from locking up during heavy braking, allowing the driver to maintain steering control and avoid skidding.
AC: Alternating current - an electric current that periodically changes direction.
ACC: Adaptive cruise control - a type of cruise control system that uses sensors to detect the speed and distance of other vehicles and automatically adjusts the speed of the vehicle to maintain a safe following distance.
ADAS: Advanced driving autonomous systems - systems that use sensors and computer-controlled algorithms to assist the driver in operating a vehicle.
ADB: Adaptive driving beam - a type of headlight system that uses sensors and computer-controlled algorithms to adjust the beam pattern of the headlights to improve visibility and reduce glare for other drivers.
AdvHEV: Hybrid vehicle - a type of vehicle that uses both a conventional internal combustion engine and an electric motor for propulsion, with the ability to switch between the two depending on driving conditions.
AEB: Autonomous emergency braking - a safety system that uses sensors and computer-controlled algorithms to automatically apply the brakes in an emergency situation to avoid a collision.
A/C: Air conditioning - a system that uses refrigerant and a compressor to cool the air inside a vehicle.
A/T: Automatic transmission - a type of transmission that uses a complex system of gears and clutches to automatically shift gears as the vehicle moves.
AFL: Adaptive front light - a type of headlight system that uses sensors and computer-controlled algorithms to adjust the beam pattern of the headlights to improve visibility and reduce glare for other drivers.
AFS: Adaptive front-light system - a type of headlight system that uses sensors and computer-controlled algorithms to adjust the beam pattern of the headlights to improve visibility and reduce glare for other drivers.
AHC: Automatic height controller - a system that automatically adjusts the ride height of a vehicle based on driving conditions and load.
AIR: Secondary air injection system - a system that injects fresh air into the exhaust stream of an engine in order to reduce emissions.
AMT: Automated manual transmission - a type of transmission that uses a hydraulic or electrical system to operate the clutch and shift gears, allowing the driver to shift gears manually or let the transmission shift automatically.
AT: Automatic transmission - a type of transmission that uses a complex system of gears and clutches to automatically shift gears as the vehicle moves.
ATLS: Automated truck loading systems - systems that use sensors and computer-controlled algorithms to assist in loading and unloading cargo from a truck.
ATX: Automatic transmission - a type of transmission that uses a complex system of gears and clutches to automatically shift gears as the vehicle moves.
Autogas: LPG when used as a vehicle fuel - autogas refers to liquid petroleum gas (LPG) when it is used as a fuel for vehicles. LPG is a clean-burning, low-emission fuel that can be used as an alternative to gasoline or diesel.
Aux: Auxiliary (normally referring to the auxiliary audio input) - auxiliary refers to an additional or supplementary feature or system. In the context of an audio system, it often refers to an auxiliary input, such as a headphone jack.
AWD: All-Wheel Drive - a type of drivetrain that powers all four wheels of a vehicle, allowing it to have better traction in all types of road conditions.
B
Baro/BARO: Barometric pressure - the atmospheric pressure at a given location, measured in units of pressure such as pounds per square inch (psi) or hectopascals (hPa).
BDC: Bottom dead center - the position of the piston in an engine when it is at the lowest point in its stroke. This is the point at which the cylinder is at its smallest volume and the greatest pressure is created.
BHP: Brake horsepower - a measure of an engine's power output, determined by measuring the torque produced by the engine and the speed at which it is rotating. It is calculated by multiplying the engine's torque by its rpm and dividing by a constant. Brake horsepower is often used as a measure of an engine's performance.
C
CAB 1493: California assembly bill 1493 - a bill introduced in the California Assembly that proposes legislation on a specific issue.
CARB: California air resources board - a state agency in California responsible for developing and implementing policies and programs to reduce air pollution and improve air quality in the state.
CAT: Catalytic converter - a device that converts harmful emissions from a vehicle's engine into less harmful substances before they are released into the atmosphere.
CC: Cruise control/climate control/cubic capacity/cubic centimeters
- Cruise control: a system that automatically maintains a vehicle's speed while driving.
- Climate control: a system that adjusts the temperature, humidity, and air circulation inside a vehicle.
- Cubic capacity: the volume of an engine's combustion chamber, typically measured in cubic centimetres (cc).
- Cubic centimetres: a unit of measurement for volume, often used to measure the size of an engine's combustion chamber.
CCP: Coupling cam phasing - a system that uses two camshafts to control the timing of the valves in an engine.
CEL: Check engine light - a warning light on a vehicle's dashboard that indicates a problem with the engine or another system in the vehicle.
CH4: Methane - a colorless, odorless gas that is the main component of natural gas. It is also a potent greenhouse gas, contributing to climate change when it is released into the atmosphere.
CKP: Crankshaft position sensor - a device that measures the position of a vehicle's crankshaft in order to determine the engine's speed and position.
CMP: Camshaft position sensor - a device that measures the position of a vehicle's camshaft in order to control the timing of the engine's valves.
CNG: Compressed natural gas - a type of fuel that is commonly used in vehicles as an alternative to gasoline or diesel. It is made by compressing natural gas to a liquid state.
CO2: Carbon dioxide - a colorless, odorless gas that is produced by the burning of fossil fuels and is a major contributor to climate change.
CO: Carbon monoxide - a toxic gas that is produced by the incomplete burning of fossil fuels.
CVT: Continuously variable transmission - a type of automatic transmission that uses a belt or chain to smoothly change gears, rather than using traditional fixed gears.
CVVL: Continuous variable valve lift - a system that allows the lift of the valves in an engine to be continuously varied in order to improve performance and efficiency.
D
DAB: Digital audio broadcasting - a digital technology used to transmit audio signals over the airwaves.
DC: Direct current - an electric current that flows in a single direction.
DCP: Dual cam phasing - a system that uses two camshafts to control the timing of the valves in an engine.
DCT: Dual-clutch transmission - a type of automatic transmission that uses two clutches to shift gears, allowing for faster and more efficient shifting.
DeAct: Cylinder deactivation - a system that shuts off certain cylinders in an engine when they are not needed, in order to conserve fuel.
DEPS: Digital engine position sensor - a device that measures the position of the engine's crankshaft and camshafts.
DFI/DGI: Direct fuel injection/direct gasoline injection - a type of fuel injection system that injects the fuel directly into the combustion chamber of an engine, rather than into the intake manifold.
dHCCI: Diesel homogeneous charge compression ignition - a type of diesel engine that uses a homogeneous mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber, rather than a stratified charge.
DI: Direct injection - a type of fuel injection system in which the fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber of an engine, rather than into the intake manifold.
DIS: Distributor-less ignition system - a type of ignition system that uses sensors and computer-controlled spark plugs to deliver the spark that ignites the fuel in an engine.
DLC: Data link connector - a port or connector used to transmit data between a vehicle and a diagnostic tool.
DMV: California department of motor vehicles - the state agency responsible for issuing driver's licenses, registering vehicles, and enforcing motor vehicle laws in California.
DOHC: Dual/double overhead camshaft - a type of engine design in which there are two camshafts located in the cylinder head, responsible for activating the valves.
DPF: Diesel particulate filter - a device that filters out particulates (small particles of soot and other contaminants) from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
DPF: Diesel particulate filter/differential pressure sensor - a device that measures the pressure difference across a diesel particulate filter in order to determine its condition.
DRL: Daytime running lights - lights on a vehicle that are automatically turned on when the vehicle is being driven during daylight hours, in order to increase visibility.
DSC: Dynamic stability control - a system that uses sensors and computer-controlled brakes to help a vehicle maintain stability and control when it is being driven.
DSG: Direct shift gearbox - a type of transmission that uses two clutches to shift gears, allowing for faster and more efficient shifting.
DTC: Diagnostic trouble code - a code stored in a vehicle's computer that indicates a problem with one of its systems.
DVSA: Driver and vehicle standards agency (UK) - the UK government agency responsible for setting and enforcing standards for drivers and vehicles.
DVVL: Discrete variable valve lift - a system that allows the lift of the valves in an engine to be varied in order to improve performance and efficiency.
DVVLd: Discrete variable valve lift, includes dual cam phasing - a system that allows the lift of the valves in an engine to be varied in order to improve performance and efficiency, and also includes dual cam phasing.
DVVLi: Discrete variable valve lift, includes intake valve cam phasing - a system that allows the lift of the valves in an engine to be varied in order to improve performance and efficiency. This system includes intake valve cam phasing, which refers to the ability to adjust the timing of the intake valves in the engine. By adjusting the timing of the intake valves, the engine can be optimized for different conditions, such as different speeds or load demands.
E
eACC: Improved electric accessories - this refers to upgraded or improved electric components or accessories in a vehicle, such as power windows or door locks.
EAT: Electronically assisted turbocharging - a system that uses an electric motor to assist a turbocharger in boosting the engine's power and efficiency.
EBC: Electronic brake control - a system that electronically controls the brakes in a vehicle, often used in conjunction with other safety systems such as ABS or ESP.
EBD: Electronic Brakeforce Distribution - a safety system that adjusts the amount of brake force applied to each wheel based on factors such as the weight distribution of the vehicle and the road conditions. This helps to improve the vehicle's braking performance and stability.
ECT: Engine Coolant Temperature - this could refer to the actual engine coolant temperature or a sensor that measures the temperature of the coolant in an engine and sends a signal to the engine control unit or the dashboard display. The engine coolant temperature is an important factor in maintaining the proper operating temperature of an engine.
ECU: Electronic / Engine Control Unit - a computer that manages various systems in a vehicle, such as the engine, transmission, etc. The ECU receives input from sensors and uses this information to adjust various systems in order to optimize performance and efficiency.
EEPROM: Electrically eraseable programmable read only memory - a type of memory that can be both written to and erased using an electrical charge. It is often used in computer systems to store information that needs to be retained when the power is turned off.
EFI: Electronic Fuel Injection - a system that injects fuel into the engine using electronically controlled injectors, rather than a carburetor. EFI systems are more accurate and efficient than carbureted systems, and are commonly used in modern vehicles.
EGR: Exhaust Gas Recirculation - a system that reduces harmful emissions by recirculating a portion of the exhaust gas back into the engine. This helps to reduce the amount of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions produced by the engine.
ehCVA: Electrohydraulic camless valve actuation - a system that uses an electric motor and hydraulic pressure to control the opening and closing of the valves in an engine. This allows for more precise control of the engine's airflow and can improve fuel efficiency and performance.
EHPS: Electrohydraulic power steering - a type of power steering system that uses an electric motor and hydraulic pressure to assist the driver in steering the vehicle.
emCVA: Electromagnetic camless valve actuation - a system that uses electromagnets to control the opening and closing of the valves in an engine. This allows for more precise control of the engine's airflow and can improve fuel efficiency and performance.
EMS: Engine management system - a system that controls and monitors various aspects of an engine, such as the fuel injection, ignition timing, and emissions. The EMS receives input from sensors and uses this information to adjust the engine's performance and efficiency.
EPB: Electronic parking brake - a brake system that uses an electric motor or hydraulic pressure to apply the brakes when the vehicle is parked. This is in contrast to a manual parking brake, which is operated by a lever or pedal.
EPS: Electric Power Steering - a type of power steering system that uses an electric motor to assist the driver in steering the vehicle. EPS systems are more efficient than hydraulic power steering systems and can improve fuel economy.
ESC: Electronic Stability Control - a safety system that helps a vehicle maintain stability and control by applying the brakes and reducing engine power as needed. This can help to prevent skids and rollovers.
ESP: Electronic Stability Program - a safety system that helps a vehicle maintain stability and control by applying the brakes and reducing engine power as needed. It is designed to assist the driver in maintaining control of the vehicle, particularly during emergency maneuvers or in challenging driving conditions.
ETC: Electronic Throttle Control - a system that uses an electric motor to control the throttle plate in a vehicle's engine. It allows for precise control of the engine's power output and can improve fuel efficiency and performance.
EV: Electric Vehicle - a vehicle that is powered by an electric motor and a battery pack, rather than an internal combustion engine. EVs are designed to be more environmentally friendly and efficient than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles.
EVAP: Evaporative emissions system - a system that is designed to capture and control the evaporative emissions from a vehicle's fuel system. The purpose of the EVAP system is to prevent the release of hydrocarbons, which are harmful to the environment, into the air.
EWP: Electric water pump - a water pump that is powered by an electric motor, rather than an engine. Electric water pumps are more efficient and can be used in a variety of applications, including cooling systems and irrigation.
F
FAST: Fuel And Spark Technology - a diagnostic tool that allows technicians to diagnose problems with a vehicle's fuel and ignition systems. It is used to identify and troubleshoot issues with the fuel and ignition systems in a vehicle.
FCV: Fuel Cell Vehicle - a vehicle that is powered by a fuel cell, which converts hydrogen gas into electricity to power the electric motor. Fuel cells are a clean and efficient alternative to traditional gasoline engines.
FDC: Fixed displacement compressor - a type of compressor that has a fixed volume of air or gas that it can compress. It is typically used in air conditioning systems and refrigeration systems.
FSH: Full service history - a record of all the maintenance and repair work that has been performed on a vehicle. It is important to have a full service history when buying a used vehicle, as it can provide information on the condition and reliability of the vehicle.
FTP: Federal test procedure - a standard set of testing procedures and protocols used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to evaluate the emissions and fuel economy of vehicles. These tests are used to determine the emissions levels of vehicles and ensure that they meet the EPA's standards for clean air.
FWD: Front-Wheel Drive - a type of drivetrain in which the front wheels of a vehicle are responsible for propelling the vehicle forward.
G
GDI-L: Lean-burn gasoline direct injection - a type of direct injection system for gasoline engines that operates at a lean air-fuel ratio, resulting in lower emissions and improved fuel efficiency.
GDI-S: Stoichiometric gasoline direct injection - a type of direct injection system for gasoline engines that operates at a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, meaning that the fuel and air are mixed in a chemically balanced proportion.
GDI: Gasoline Direct Injection - a type of direct injection system that uses gasoline as the fuel, injecting it directly into the combustion chamber rather than the intake manifold.
g/mi: grams per mile - a unit of measurement used to express the amount of a substance emitted per mile traveled.
gHCCI: Gasoline homogeneous charge compression ignition - a type of internal combustion engine that uses a homogeneous mixture of fuel and air and relies on compression ignition to initiate the combustion process.
GHG: Greenhouse gas - a gas that absorbs and emits radiation in the thermal infrared range, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming.
GPF: Gasoline particulate filter - a device used to reduce the emission of particulate matter from gasoline engines.
GPS: Global Positioning System - a satellite-based navigation system that allows a device to determine its location and track its movements.
GT: Grand tourer / gran turismo / grand turismo - a type of sports car that is designed for long distance driving and comfortable touring.
GTI: High performance sub brand - a sub-brand of a car manufacturer that specializes in producing high performance versions of its vehicles. (Examples: Volkswagen GTI, Peugeot GTI)
GVW: Gross vehicle weight - the total weight of a vehicle and its contents, including the weight of the driver, passengers, fuel, and any other cargo.
GVWR: Gross vehicle weight rating - the maximum allowable weight of a vehicle, including the weight of the vehicle itself, the driver, passengers, fuel, and any other cargo.
GWP: Global warming potential - a measure of how much a gas contributes to global warming over a specific period of time, relative to carbon dioxide.
H
HAD: highly autonomous driving - this refers to a level of autonomous driving capability that allows a vehicle to operate with minimal or no human intervention. Highly autonomous driving systems are designed to handle a wide range of driving tasks, including navigating complex traffic environments and making decisions in response to unexpected events.
HC: hydrocarbons - this refers to chemical compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbons are a major component of fossil fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, and natural gas, and are used as a source of energy in various applications.
HDMI: High Definition Multimedia Interface - a standard for connecting devices to a display or audio system.
HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle - a vehicle that is powered by a combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, with the ability to switch between the two power sources as needed.
HFC: hydrofluorocarbon - a type of chemical compound used in refrigerants and other applications. It is a potent greenhouse gas and its use is regulated due to its potential impact on climate change.
HID: High Intensity Discharge - a type of headlight that uses a high-voltage electrical discharge to produce a bright, white light.
HP: horsepower - a unit of measurement that describes the power output of an engine or motor. It is commonly used to compare the performance of different vehicles or machines. One horsepower is equal to about 746 watts of power.
HP: hire purchase - a type of financing arrangement in which a person borrows money to purchase a vehicle, and pays back the loan in instalments over time. The vehicle serves as collateral for the loan, and ownership is transferred to the borrower once the loan is fully paid off.
HPI: hire purchase inspection - an inspection of a vehicle that is being purchased through a hire purchase financing arrangement. The purpose of an HPI is to assess the condition of the vehicle and ensure that it meets certain standards before the loan is approved.
HSD: hybrid synergy drive - a hybrid electric vehicle technology developed by Toyota. It combines an internal combustion engine with an electric motor and a battery pack, allowing the vehicle to use both electric power and gasoline power to move. The purpose of HSD is to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
HSDI: high-speed direct injection - a type of fuel injection system that sprays fuel directly into the combustion chamber of an engine at high pressure and high speed. The purpose of HSDI is to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions by allowing the engine to more precisely control the air/fuel mixture.
HVAC: heating, ventilation, and air conditioning - this refers to the system in a vehicle that controls the temperature and airflow inside the cabin. HVAC systems typically include a heater, a blower, and various ducts and vents to circulate warm or cool air throughout the vehicle. The purpose of HVAC is to keep the occupants of the vehicle comfortable and to help reduce the risk of fogging or icing on the windows.
I
I3: inline three cylinder engine - a type of engine that has three cylinders arranged in a straight line. It is commonly used in small vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, and scooters, due to its compact size and relatively low weight.
I4: inline four cylinder engine - a type of engine that has four cylinders arranged in a straight line. It is commonly used in a variety of vehicles, including cars, trucks, and SUVs, due to its good power-to-weight ratio and relatively low cost.
I5: inline five cylinder engine - a type of engine that has five cylinders arranged in a straight line. It is less common than other types of engines, but is sometimes used in larger vehicles, such as SUVs and trucks, due to its good power output and relatively low cost.
I6: inline six cylinder engine - a type of engine that has six cylinders arranged in a straight line. It is commonly used in larger vehicles, such as cars, trucks, and SUVs, due to its good power output and relatively smooth operation. It is generally more expensive and heavier than smaller engines, but is often preferred for its refined performance and reliability.
IAC: Idle Air Control - a valve in a vehicle's engine that controls the amount of air flowing into the engine at idle.
IAT: Intake Air Temperature - this could refer to the actual air intake temperature or a sensor that measures the temperature of the air flowing into an engine and sends a signal to the engine control unit.
ICE: Internal Combustion Engine - a type of engine that generates power by combusting fuel inside a cylinder.
ICP: intake cam phaser - a device that allows the intake camshaft of an internal combustion engine to be adjusted while the engine is running. The purpose of an intake cam phaser is to optimize the air/fuel mixture in the engine for better fuel efficiency and performance.
IGN: ignition - this refers to the process of starting an internal combustion engine by providing a spark to ignite the fuel. In a car, the ignition system includes the spark plugs, ignition coil, and ignition control module, which work together to create the spark needed to start the engine.
IMA: integrated motor assist - a hybrid electric vehicle technology developed by Honda. It combines an internal combustion engine with an electric motor and a battery pack, allowing the vehicle to use both electric power and gasoline power to move. The purpose of IMA is to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
ImpAlt: improved efficiency alternator - a type of alternator (a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy) that is designed to be more efficient than standard alternators.
ISG: integrated starter-generator system - a type of hybrid electric vehicle technology that combines a starter motor and a generator into a single unit. It allows the vehicle to use electric power to start the engine, rather than a traditional starter motor. The purpose of an ISG is to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
ISG-SS: integrated starter-generator system with start-stop operation - a type of hybrid electric vehicle technology that combines a starter motor and a generator into a single unit. It allows the vehicle to shut off the internal combustion engine when it is not needed, such as when the vehicle is stopped at a traffic light, in order to save fuel and reduce emissions. The "start-stop" operation refers to the ability of the system to restart the engine when needed.
ISOFIX (standard anchoring system) - a standard system for attaching child seats to vehicles. It consists of two metal brackets that are anchored to the frame of the vehicle and a series of straps that connect the child seat to the brackets. The purpose of ISOFIX is to provide a secure and easy-to-use attachment system for child seats, helping to ensure that they are properly installed and safe for use.
J
JCW: John Cooper Works - This is a high-performance division of MINI, a brand of small cars produced by BMW. The JCW division is named after John Cooper, a famous Formula 1 race car designer and builder. JCW MINI cars are known for their sporty handling and powerful engines. They are typically more expensive and have more advanced features than standard MINI models.
K
kph: kilometers per hour - a unit of measurement for speed, equal to the distance traveled in kilometers in one hour. It is commonly used to express the speed of vehicles, such as cars, buses, and trains. For example, a car traveling at a speed of 60 kph is traveling at a rate of 60 kilometers in one hour.
L
LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation - a type of light that uses a stimulated emission of photons to produce a highly focused, concentrated beam of light.
LCD: Liquid crystal diode / liquid crystal display - a type of display technology that uses liquid crystals to produce images on a screen.
LCV: Light commercial vehicle - a type of vehicle that is used for transporting goods or passengers and has a relatively low weight and capacity.
LDAS: Lane departure avoidance system - a type of safety system that is designed to alert drivers when they are drifting out of their lane or at risk of a collision.
LDT1: a light-duty truck with a loaded vehicle weight of up to 3750 pounds.
LDT2: an LEV II light-duty truck with a loaded vehicle weight of 3751 pounds to a gross vehicle weight of 8500 pounds
LDT: Light-duty truck - a type of truck that is designed for transporting relatively light loads and has a relatively small capacity.
LED: Light Emitting Diode - a type of light that uses a semiconductor to produce a bright, energy-efficient light.
LEV: Low-emission vehicle - a vehicle that emits relatively low levels of pollutants into the air.
LGV: Large goods vehicle - a type of vehicle that is used for transporting large quantities of goods and has a relatively high weight and capacity.
LPG: Liquefied Petroleum Gas - a type of fuel that is commonly used in vehicles as an alternative to gasoline or diesel.
LSD: Limited-Slip Differential - a type of differential that allows the wheels on one side of a vehicle to rotate at different speeds, improving traction in slippery conditions.
LVW: Loaded vehicle weight - the weight of a vehicle when it is fully loaded with passengers, cargo, or both.
LWB: Long wheel base - a type of vehicle that has a longer distance between the front and rear wheels, providing more space for passengers or cargo.
M
MAC: Mobile air conditioning - a type of air conditioning system that is designed to be portable and can be used in a variety of locations, such as in a car, a truck, or a home.
MAF: Mass Air Flow - a sensor that measures the mass of air flowing into an engine and sends a signal to the engine control unit to adjust the fuel-to-air ratio. This information is used by the engine control unit to determine the correct amount of fuel to inject into the engine.
MAP: Manifold Absolute Pressure - this could refer to the actual manifold air pressure or a sensor that measures the pressure in the intake manifold of an engine and sends a signal to the engine control unit to adjust the fuel-to-air ratio.
MDPV: Medium-duty passenger vehicle - a type of vehicle that is designed to transport passengers and is larger than a typical passenger car, but not as large as a bus or a commercial truck.
MDV: Medium-duty vehicle - a type of vehicle that is larger than a typical passenger car, but not as large as a commercial truck. Medium-duty vehicles are typically used for a variety of purposes, including delivery, transportation of goods, and passenger transportation.
mg/mi: Milligrams per mile - a unit of measurement that is used to express the amount of a substance (such as pollutants or emissions) released into the air per mile traveled.
MIL: Malfunction Indicator Lamp - a warning light on a vehicle's dashboard that indicates a problem with the vehicle's emission control system. The MIL may also be referred to as a "check engine" light.
ModHEV: Moderate hybrid - a type of hybrid vehicle that uses both a traditional internal combustion engine and an electric motor to power the vehicle. Unlike a full hybrid, which can be driven entirely on electric power, a moderate hybrid relies more on its internal combustion engine and is not designed to be driven solely on electric power.
mpg: miles per gallon - This is a unit of measurement that tells you how many miles a vehicle can travel on one gallon of fuel. It is commonly used to compare the fuel efficiency of different vehicles.
mph: miles per hour - This is a unit of speed that tells you how many miles a vehicle can travel in one hour. It is commonly used to measure the speed of vehicles.
MPV: Multi purpose vehicle - a type of vehicle that is designed to be used for a variety of purposes, such as transporting people or goods. MPVs are typically larger than a typical passenger car and may have features such as a spacious interior and flexible seating arrangements.
MT: Manual Transmission - a type of transmission that requires the driver to manually shift gears using a clutch and a gear shift lever. In a manual transmission vehicle, the driver must engage the clutch pedal and shift the gears manually in order to change the speed and power of the vehicle.
MTX: Manual Transmission - a type of transmission that requires the driver to manually shift gears using a clutch and a gear shift lever.
MY: Model year - the year in which a particular model of a vehicle was manufactured. The model year of a vehicle is usually different from the calendar year in which it was produced.
N
N2O: Nitrous oxide - a chemical compound that is sometimes used as a performance-enhancing additive in internal combustion engines. Nitrous oxide, also known as "laughing gas", when injected into the engine's intake manifold it can provide a significant boost in horsepower and torque.
NEDC: New European driving cycle (official EU testing procedure for fuel economy and emissions) - a standardized test procedure that is used to measure the fuel economy and emissions of vehicles in the European Union.
NFC: Near Field Communication - a technology that allows devices to communicate with each other over short distances using radio frequency signals.
NMOG: Non-methane organic gas - a type of air pollutant that is emitted from motor vehicles and other sources. NMOGs are a component of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone.
NOx: Oxides of nitrogen - a type of air pollutant that is formed when nitrogen and oxygen are combined at high temperatures, such as those found in the exhaust of an internal combustion engine. NOx emissions can contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and other harmful air pollutants.
NVH: Noise, vibration and harshness - a term used to describe the overall level of noise, vibration, and harshness experienced by the occupants of a vehicle. NVH is an important factor in vehicle design, as it can affect the comfort and perceived quality of the vehicle.
O
O2: Oxygen - this could refer to oxygen the gas or a sensor that measures the oxygen content of the exhaust gas in a vehicle's engine and sends a signal to the engine control unit to adjust the fuel-to-air ratio.
OBD-II: On-Board Diagnostics - a system that allows technicians to diagnose problems with a vehicle by connecting a diagnostic tool to a port in the vehicle. OBD-II is a standardized system that is used on most vehicles.
OBD: On-Board Diagnostics - a system that allows technicians to diagnose problems with a vehicle by connecting a diagnostic tool to a port in the vehicle. OBD systems are typically found on newer vehicles.
OD: Overdrive - a transmission function that allows the engine to run at a lower speed while the vehicle is traveling at a higher speed, improving fuel efficiency and reducing engine wear.
ODO: Odometer - a device that measures the distance traveled by a vehicle. The odometer is typically located on the dashboard of a vehicle and is used to keep track of how many miles or kilometers the vehicle has traveled.
OEM: Original equipment manufacturer - a company that supplies parts or components to a vehicle manufacturer for use in the production of new vehicles. OEM parts are typically of the same quality as the parts that were originally installed in the vehicle.
OTR: On the road - a term that refers to the price of a vehicle when it is ready to be driven on the road, including any applicable taxes and fees. OTR pricing typically includes the cost of the vehicle itself, as well as any additional features or options that have been added.
P
PAS: Power assisted steering - a type of steering system that uses a hydraulic or electric pump to provide additional assistance to the driver when turning the steering wheel. This makes the vehicle easier to steer, especially at low speeds or when driving in tight spaces.
PASM: Porsche active suspension management (Porsche) - a system developed by Porsche that adjusts the suspension of a vehicle in real time based on driving conditions and the driver's inputs. PASM uses sensors to monitor the vehicle's movements and adjusts the suspension accordingly, providing improved handling and ride comfort.
PB: Power brakes - a type of braking system that uses a hydraulic pump to provide additional assistance when the driver applies the brakes. This makes it easier to stop the vehicle and reduces the effort required to brake.
PC: passenger car - a type of vehicle that is designed to carry passengers and their belongings, as opposed to a commercial vehicle, which is designed to carry goods.
PCM: Powertrain Control Module - a computer that controls the powertrain (engine and transmission) of a vehicle. The PCM receives input from various sensors in the vehicle and uses that information to control the fuel-to-air ratio, ignition timing, and other parameters that affect the performance of the engine and transmission.
PCP: Personal contract purchase - a type of financing arrangement in which a customer agrees to pay a series of monthly installments for a vehicle, with the option to purchase the vehicle at the end of the term for a predetermined price.
PCV: Positive Crankcase Ventilation - a system that vents gases from the crankcase of an engine back into the intake manifold, reducing the amount of pollution emitted by the vehicle. The PCV system helps to prevent the buildup of harmful gases in the crankcase, which can cause engine damage.
PDI: Pre-Delivery Inspection - a thorough inspection of a new vehicle before it is delivered to the customer, to ensure that it is in good working order. The PDI typically includes a visual inspection of the exterior and interior of the vehicle, as well as a functional check of the various systems and components.
PDK: Porsche Doppelkupplung - a type of dual-clutch transmission developed by Porsche. PDK uses two clutches to allow the transmission to shift gears smoothly and quickly, providing improved acceleration and fuel efficiency compared to a traditional manual transmission.
PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle - a hybrid electric vehicle that can be charged by plugging it into an electrical outlet, allowing it to run on electricity for a certain distance before the internal combustion engine kicks in.
PS: Power steering / PferdStarke - Power steering is a type of steering system that uses a hydraulic or electric pump to provide additional assistance to the driver when turning the steering wheel. "PferdStarke" is the German word for horsepower, and is often abbreviated as "PS" in automotive contexts.
PTO: Power Take-Off - a device that allows a vehicle to transfer power from its engine to another device or system, such as a hydraulic pump or generator. The PTO is typically mounted on the transmission of a vehicle and is used to power auxiliary equipment that is not directly connected to the engine, such as a snowplow or farm equipment.
R
R-134a: Refrigerant 134a, tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4) - a refrigerant that is commonly used in air conditioning systems. It is a synthetic refrigerant that does not contribute to ozone depletion and has a relatively low global warming potential.
R-152a: Refrigerant 152a, difluoroethane (C2H4F2) - a refrigerant that is used in some air conditioning systems. It is a synthetic refrigerant that is less harmful to the environment than some other refrigerants, but it still has a relatively high global warming potential.
RPE: Retail price equivalent - the price of a product or service that is equivalent to the price of a similar product or service at retail. The retail price equivalent is often used to compare the prices of different products or services, or to determine the value of a product or service.
RPM: Revolutions Per Minute - a measure of the speed of an engine or other rotating device. RPM is typically used to measure the speed of an engine's crankshaft or other rotating parts, and is often used as a measure of an engine's power output.
RS: High performance sub-brand (Audi, Renault) / rally sport / rallye sport - RS is a sub-brand used by Audi and Renault to denote high-performance versions of their vehicles. It can also stand for "rally sport" or "rallye sport".
RWD: Rear-Wheel Drive - a type of drivetrain in which the rear wheels of a vehicle are responsible for propelling the vehicle forward. RWD systems are typically used in sports cars and other vehicles that prioritize performance and handling.
S
SCR: Selective Catalytic Reduction - a system that reduces harmful emissions from diesel engines by injecting a reducing agent, such as urea, into the exhaust gas. The reducing agent reacts with the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas to convert them into harmless nitrogen and water vapor.
SMG: Sequential Manual Gearbox - a type of transmission that combines elements of a manual and automatic transmission, allowing the driver to shift gears manually or let the transmission shift automatically. The gears are typically selected using paddles or a lever, rather than a traditional shift lever.
SOHC: Single Overhead Camshaft - a type of engine design in which there is only one camshaft located in the cylinder head, responsible for activating the valves. This design is simpler and less expensive to manufacture than a "dual overhead camshaft" (DOHC) engine, which has two camshafts.
SORN: Statutory off-road notification (UK) - a notification that must be made to the UK's Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) when a vehicle will not be used on public roads and is being kept off the road. This notification is required in order to avoid paying vehicle excise duty (road tax).
SRS: Supplemental Restraint System - a safety system that includes airbags and other components designed to protect the occupants of a vehicle in the event of a collision. The SRS is designed to supplement the protection provided by the vehicle's seat belts.
ST: High performance sub brand (Ford) - ST is a sub-brand of Ford that is used on high-performance versions of Ford vehicles.
SULEV: Super ultra low emission vehicle - a vehicle that produces extremely low levels of emissions, typically lower than the emission standards set by the government or other regulatory bodies.
SUV: Sport utility vehicle - a type of vehicle that is similar to a truck or van, but with a more car-like appearance and ride. SUVs are typically larger and have higher ground clearance than sedans, making them more suitable for off-road driving.
SVO: Special vehicle operations (Jaguar, Land Rover) - Special vehicle operations (SVO) is a division within Jaguar Land Rover that is responsible for developing high-performance and special edition versions of Jaguar and Land Rover vehicles.
T
TBI: Throttle body injection - a type of fuel injection system that injects fuel into the engine through a throttle body, which is a valve that regulates the airflow into the engine.
TCS: Traction control system - a safety system that helps a vehicle maintain traction on the road by detecting when one or more wheels are losing traction and applying the brakes or reducing engine power as needed.
TCU: Transmission Control Unit - a computer that controls the transmission of a vehicle. It receives input from sensors in the vehicle and uses that information to determine when to shift gears and how much power to send to the transmission.
TDC: Top Dead Center - the position of the piston in an engine when it is at the highest point in its stroke. It is also referred to as "top dead center" or "top center."
TP: Throttle Plate - a movable plate in a throttle body that controls the amount of air flowing into the engine.
TPMS: Tire Pressure Monitoring System - a safety system that monitors the pressure in a vehicle's tires and alerts the driver if the pressure is too low.
TPS: Throttle Position Sensor - a sensor that measures the position of the throttle in a vehicle's engine and sends a signal to the engine control unit to adjust the fuel-to-air ratio. The throttle position sensor is used to ensure that the engine is running at the correct air-to-fuel ratio for optimal performance and efficiency.
TRR: Tyre rolling resistance - the force that resists the motion of a tire as it rolls on a surface. Tyre rolling resistance is affected by factors such as the tire's tread pattern, the surface it is rolling on, and the load it is carrying.
Turbo: Turbocharging - a method of increasing the power of an engine by using a turbine to compress air and force it into the engine.
U
ULEV: Ultra low emission vehicle - a vehicle that produces very low levels of emissions, typically lower than the emission standards set by the government or other regulatory bodies.
ULEZ: Ultra low emission zone (UK) - an area in the United Kingdom where only vehicles that meet certain emission standards are allowed to drive. ULEZs are typically found in cities and are designed to reduce air pollution and improve public health.
USB: Universal Serial Bus - a standard for connecting devices to a computer. It is widely used to connect and power a variety of devices, and is commonly found on computers, smartphones, and other electronic devices.
V
V6: V-formation six-cylinder - an engine with six cylinders arranged in a "V" shape, with three cylinders on each side of a central crankshaft.
V8: V-formation eight-cylinder - an engine with eight cylinders arranged in a "V" shape, with four cylinders on each side of a central crankshaft.
V10: V-formation ten-cylinder - an engine with ten cylinders arranged in a "V" shape, with five cylinders on each side of a central crankshaft.
V12: V-formation twelve-cylinder - an engine with twelve cylinders arranged in a "V" shape, with six cylinders on each side of a central crankshaft.
VDC: Variable displacement compressor - a type of compressor that can adjust its displacement (the amount of air it pumps) based on the needs of the system it is used in.
VED: Vehicle excise duty (road tax) - a tax that is levied on vehicles in some countries based on their emissions, size, or other factors.
VIN: Vehicle Identification Number - a unique 17-digit code that identifies a specific vehicle. The VIN is used to track a vehicle's history and can be used to identify stolen vehicles or vehicles that have been in accidents.
vRS: High performance sub brand (Skoda) - vRS is a sub-brand of Skoda that is used on high-performance versions of Skoda vehicles.
VSC: Vehicle Stability Control - a safety system that helps a vehicle maintain stability and control during cornering or other maneuvers by applying the brakes and reducing engine power as needed.
VSS: Vehicle Speed Sensor - a sensor that measures the speed of a vehicle and sends a signal to the engine control unit or the dashboard display. The vehicle speed sensor is used to accurately measure the speed of the vehicle.
VTEC: Variable Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control - a type of variable valve timing system developed by Honda that adjusts both the timing and lift of the valves in an engine.
VVT: Variable Valve Timing - a system that allows the timing of the valves in an engine to be adjusted, improving fuel efficiency and performance.
VXR: High performance sub brand (Vauxhall) - VXR is a sub-brand of Vauxhall that is used on high-performance versions of Vauxhall vehicles.
ZEV: Zero-emission vehicle - a vehicle that produces no emissions of any kind, including greenhouse gases and air pollutants. ZEVs can include electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and other types of vehicles that produce no tailpipe emissions.
W
WIFI: Wireless Fidelity - a technology that allows devices to connect to the internet wirelessly.
Z
ZF: German car parts manufacturer
Others
4WD: Four-wheel-drive 42V ISG: 42-volt integrated starter-generator system